The solid volume models were 3D-printed and used to measure the acoustic transfer functions. The FE models were used to calculate the volume velocity transfer functions of the vocal tract from the glottis to the lips (up to 10,000 Hz). From the segmented vocal tract surfaces, we created finite element (FE) models for acoustic simulations, as well as 3D-printable solid volume models. The teeth scans were merged with the MRI data, and the vocal tract was segmented to yield triangle meshes of the vocal tract walls. Because teeth are not visible in MRI data, but highly relevant for speech acoustics 17, we created 3D scans of plaster models of the teeth of the subjects. The processing steps are summarized in Fig. In contrast to the datasets mentioned above, which contain only the raw MRI data (except the Finish dataset), the data here were extensively processed and evaluated to make them accessible to non-experts on volumetric MRI processing. Here, we present a dataset containing 3D vocal tract images of 22 German speech sounds (16 vowels and 6 consonants), each from one male and one female speaker. This dataset also contains triangle meshes of the inner vocal tract surfaces extracted from the MRI data as STL files. The MRI dataset of the Aalto University, Finland, with 3D vocal tract images of 8 Finish vowels, each from two subjects 15, 16 ( ). In recent years, the following public datasets including 3D MRI data of the vocal tract have been published: However, it is both time-consuming and costly to acquire and process 3D MRI data of the vocal tract, so that public MRI speech datasets are highly desirable. Accordingly, since about the 1990s, many studies have collected and analyzed 3D MRI data of the vocal tract for different purposes 4– 11. Among all available speech articulation measurement techniques, 3D MRI allows one to obtain the most detailed and complete reconstruction of the 3D geometry of the vocal tract (apart from Computed Tomography scans, which use potentially harmful radiation), allowing to address a range of new questions in speech research. It can be used to acquire detailed 3D images of the entire vocal tract of static articulations, which the speaker has to sustain for multiple seconds (3D MRI) 1, or alternatively, to acquire the dynamic articulation from the entire mid-sagittal plane of the vocal tract (real-time MRI, with typically more than 30 frames per second 2) or individual organs like the vocal folds 3. Recently, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has become an important tool for speech research. According to both the acoustic and perceptual metrics, most models are accurate representations of the intended speech sounds and can be readily used for research and education. The dataset was evaluated in terms of the plausibility and the similarity of the resonance frequencies determined by the acoustic simulations and measurements, and in terms of the human identification rate of the vowels and fricatives synthesized by the artificially excited 3D-printed vocal tract models. The data include the 3D Magnetic Resonance Imaging data of the vocal tracts, the corresponding 3D-printable and finite-element models, and their simulated and measured acoustic and aerodynamic properties. The Dresden Vocal Tract Dataset (DVTD) presented here contains geometric and (aero)acoustic data of the vocal tract of 22 German speech sounds (16 vowels, 5 fricatives, 1 lateral), each from one male and one female speaker. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver applies to the metadata files associated with this article.Ī detailed understanding of how the acoustic patterns of speech sounds are generated by the complex 3D shapes of the vocal tract is a major goal in speech research.
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